Layer 0 · Multi-chain network · Live since 2020

PolkadotNATIVE ASSET · DOT

A Layer 0 network that connects many specialized blockchains so they can share security and pass messages to each other. A central Relay Chain coordinates the network, connected chains run in parallel, and the native asset DOT secures it through Nominated Proof of Stake. Request Polkadot in the Zypto App below.

In the Zypto App Accepted as payment Not yet in the Zypto App Multi-chain

Polkadot isn't in the Zypto App yet. Post the request to your followers, chains with the most demand get prioritized. All network data below stays live regardless.

ConsensusNPoSNominated Proof of Stake
Native assetDOTStaking · governance
ArchitectureRelayRelay Chain + chains
MessagingXCMCross-chain messages
Live since2020Mainnet launch
SupplyNo capInflation model
How it works

Many chains, one shared security.

Polkadot is a network of blockchains rather than a single chain. A central Relay Chain provides shared security, connected chains run in parallel and plug into it, and they pass messages to each other through a common format. Four ideas make that work.

The Relay Chain

A central chain coordinates the whole network and provides shared security. Connected chains rely on it for finality, so they don't each need their own validator set. It is the heart of the design.

Connected chains

Application-specific chains, historically called parachains, run in parallel and plug into the Relay Chain's security. Each can be tuned for its own purpose while sharing the same trust model.

Cross-chain messaging

Connected chains talk to each other through cross-consensus messaging, known as XCM. Assets and data can move between chains without leaving the shared security of the network.

Nominated Proof of Stake

DOT holders nominate validators, who are backed by that stake to secure the Relay Chain. Misbehavior can be slashed, aligning validators and nominators with the health of the network.

How a transfer crosses the network
1

Submit

You sign a transaction on a connected chain. Its own collators gather operations into a candidate block and pass that block up to the Relay Chain for validation.

2

Validate

Relay Chain validators, backed by nominated DOT, check the candidate block. Block production through BABE and finality through GRANDPA secure the shared record.

3

Finalize

Once finalized on the Relay Chain, the result is settled for that chain. If the transfer targets another chain, an XCM message carries the assets or data across.

The layers under the hood
Layer 0
The Relay Chain and shared security
The Relay Chain coordinates the network and provides security that connected chains inherit. Validators secure it through Nominated Proof of Stake, with block production and finality handled by BABE and GRANDPA.
Connected chains
Parallel application-specific chains
Chains run alongside the Relay Chain and plug into its security, each tuned for its own use. They communicate through cross-consensus messaging so assets and data can move between them.
Blockspace
Substrate and on-demand coretime
Chains are built with the Substrate framework, and the model has evolved toward elastic, on-demand blockspace known as coretime rather than fixed long-term slots, so projects can buy the capacity they need.
What DOT does on the network
  • Staking, nominating validators to secure the Relay Chain
  • Governance, voting through Polkadot's on-chain OpenGov
  • Bonding, connecting chains to the Relay Chain's security
  • Treasury, an on-chain fund the network can spend on its growth

DOT secures the network, steers its decisions and pays for connecting chains. It does not have a fixed maximum supply, with new DOT funding staking rewards and the treasury.

Adoption & usage

Activity you can measure.

On-chain numbers that show how Polkadot is structured and secured, the chains, validators and agreement model behind it, not the price.

View on Subscan
Network structure
Core roleLayer 0Connects many chains
CoordinationRelay ChainShared security
MessagingXCMCross-consensus
Build frameworkSubstrateCoretime blockspace
Cross-chain messages · over timeRising

Growing message flow. As more chains connect to the network, cross-consensus messages between them have broadly grown, with quieter periods in between. Figures vary, so we keep this qualitative.

Connected chainsMany

Application-specific chains run in parallel and inherit the Relay Chain's security. The exact count shifts as coretime is bought and released.

Security · Nominated Proof of Stake
ConsensusNPoSNominate + slash
Block productionBABERelay Chain
FinalityGRANDPAHybrid with BABE
Secured byDOTNominated stake
Governance
On-chain governance through OpenGov, funded by a network treasury
DOT holders vote directly on changes through OpenGov, and an on-chain treasury funds work that grows the network. Validators backed by nominated stake secure the Relay Chain, and misbehavior can be slashed.
Design notePolkadot has moved from fixed long-term parachain slots toward elastic, on-demand blockspace known as coretime, so projects buy capacity as they need it rather than locking large amounts of DOT for a fixed lease. The connected-chain model itself is unchanged.
Ecosystem

What Polkadot is used for.

The network is built to connect many specialized chains under one security model. Here is where it is actually used, and how it reaches into the wider crypto economy.

polkadot.network

Shared security

Connected chains inherit security from the Relay Chain rather than bootstrapping their own validator set, which lowers the cost of launching a new chain.

Interoperability

Cross-consensus messaging lets connected chains move assets and data between each other, so applications can compose across the network.

Custom chains

Teams build application-specific chains with the Substrate framework, tuning each one for its own use while sharing the same trust model.

Staking & governance

DOT holders stake to secure the network and vote on its direction through OpenGov, with an on-chain treasury funding ongoing work.

What sits on the network
1RRelay ChainShared security coreCore
2PConnected chainsApplication-specificParallel
3XXCM messagingCross-consensusBuilt-in
4SSubstrate buildersChain frameworkActive
5CCoretimeOn-demand blockspaceGrowing

A network of chains, not one chain

Unlike a single Layer 1, Polkadot connects many chains under one shared security model and lets them message each other. Learn the basics in our crypto basics guides.

Network at a glance
Security modelNPoSNominated stake
Launched2020Mainnet
In the Zypto App

Be the reason Polkadot ships next.

Polkadot isn't in the Zypto App yet. Post the request to your followers and ask them to add their voice, we prioritize the chains with the most demand. Every network number on this page stays fully live either way.

Request Polkadot in the Zypto App.

Polkadot isn't integrated yet. Post the request to your followers and ask them to add their voice, chains with the most demand get prioritized. Everything above stays fully live either way.

Available in the Zypto App · native asset

PolkadotDOT$4.80+1.2%
Connected-chain assetsAcross the network

Polkadot's native asset is DOT, used for staking, governance and bonding. When integrated, DOT would be held in self-custody, your keys, your coins.

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Accepted as Payment

When Polkadot is integrated, you could pay bills, top-ups and 24,000+ products with DOT through Zypto Pay. Request it above to help bring that forward.

Swap & convert

CChangeNow LLetsExchange SSwapKit ZIn-app DEX
Cross-chain via XCM Inside Polkadot, connected chains move assets and data through cross-consensus messaging, so transfers stay within one shared security model. When Polkadot is integrated, Zypto would route swaps across these providers and the in-app DEX.

Once Polkadot is integrated, you could swap DOT to any supported asset in seconds, with Zypto routing the best path automatically.

History & FAQ

A multi-chain network, plainly told.

Key milestones
2016
Vision published
Gavin Wood, a co-founder of Ethereum and the creator of the Solidity language, sets out the design for a network that connects many specialized blockchains.
2017
Foundation & Parity
The Web3 Foundation and Parity Technologies begin building Polkadot and the Substrate framework that connected chains are built with.
2020
Mainnet launch
The Relay Chain goes live and Nominated Proof of Stake begins securing the network, with DOT holders nominating validators.
2021
Connected chains
Application-specific chains begin plugging into the Relay Chain's shared security and messaging each other through cross-consensus messaging.
2024
Toward coretime
The model evolves toward elastic, on-demand blockspace known as coretime, so projects buy capacity as needed rather than locking fixed long-term slots.
Key facts
Launched2020
Native assetDOT
ConsensusNominated Proof of Stake
ArchitectureRelay Chain + chains
MessagingXCM
Build frameworkSubstrate
SupplyInflationary · no cap
FounderGavin Wood
Layer 0Multi-chainNPoSXCMSubstrate
What is Polkadot in one sentence?
Polkadot is a Layer 0 network that connects many specialized blockchains so they can share security and pass messages to each other, coordinated by a central Relay Chain and secured by its native asset DOT through Nominated Proof of Stake.
What is the difference between Polkadot and DOT?
Polkadot is the network, the Relay Chain, the connected chains and the software. DOT is the native asset that lives on it, used to stake and secure the network, vote in on-chain governance, and bond to connect chains to the Relay Chain.
How does Polkadot connect different blockchains?
A central Relay Chain provides shared security, and application-specific chains run in parallel and plug into it rather than securing themselves. Those connected chains pass assets and data to each other through cross-consensus messaging, known as XCM, all within one trust model.
How is the network secured?
Polkadot uses Nominated Proof of Stake. DOT holders nominate validators, who are backed by that stake to secure the Relay Chain. Block production through BABE and finality through GRANDPA work together, and misbehavior can be slashed. DOT does not have a fixed maximum supply, with new DOT funding staking rewards and the treasury.
Is Polkadot available in the Zypto App?
Not yet. Polkadot isn't integrated in the Zypto App at the moment, but you can request it above and ask your followers to add their voice, since chains with the most demand get prioritized. For live prices and charts, see the DOT price page.
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