Layer 1 · Proof of Stake · Live since 2017

CardanoNATIVE ASSET · ADA

A research-driven, peer-reviewed Layer 1 proof-of-stake blockchain. Its Ouroboros protocol elects stake pools to produce blocks in proportion to delegated stake, so ADA holders earn rewards without giving up custody. Cardano adds smart contracts through Plutus and an extended UTXO model. Request Cardano in the Zypto App below.

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ConsensusOuroborosProof of Stake
Max supply45BADA, hard cap
Native assetADANamed for Ada Lovelace
AccountingEUTXOExtended UTXO model
Smart contractsPlutusHaskell-based
Live since2017Mainnet launch
How it works

Blocks by stake, peer reviewed.

Cardano runs on Ouroboros, a proof-of-stake protocol developed through academic peer review. ADA holders delegate stake to pools that take turns producing blocks. Four ideas make that work.

Epochs and slots

Ouroboros divides time into epochs and short slots. For each slot a leader is elected to produce the next block, with the chance of selection rising in proportion to stake. No mining, no Proof of Work.

Delegated stake

ADA holders delegate stake to stake pool operators and earn rewards. Your ADA never leaves your wallet and is never locked, so you keep custody and can move it at any time.

EUTXO accounting

Cardano tracks balances with an extended UTXO model rather than the account model used by Ethereum. Each output carries its own state, which makes transaction outcomes more predictable.

Capped supply

ADA has a maximum supply of 45 billion. No more than that will ever exist, and new ADA enters circulation gradually as staking rewards from a reserve until that cap is reached.

How a block is produced
1

Broadcast

You send ADA. The transaction is signed with your private key and broadcast to the network, where nodes gather it into the pool of pending transactions.

2

Elect

Ouroboros elects a stake pool as slot leader for the current slot, with selection weighted by delegated stake. That pool gathers valid transactions into a new block.

3

Settle

The block is added to the chain and other nodes validate it. As more blocks build on top, the transaction settles and rewards flow to the pool and its delegators.

The layers under the hood
Settlement layer
The ledger and ADA accounting
Cardano separates value settlement from computation. The settlement layer tracks ADA balances using the extended UTXO model, where each output carries the state a transaction depends on.
Consensus
Ouroboros Proof of Stake
A peer-reviewed proof-of-stake protocol elects stake pools to produce blocks in proportion to delegated stake. Security comes from honest stake rather than mining hardware.
Computation layer
Plutus smart contracts
The Goguen era added Plutus, a Haskell-based smart contract platform, so developers can build applications on Cardano alongside its core payment and staking features.
What it supports natively
  • Staking, delegate ADA to pools and earn rewards
  • Native tokens, issued on the ledger without a contract
  • Plutus contracts, a Haskell-based smart contract platform
  • On-chain governance, ADA holders vote on funding and protocol

Cardano builds staking, native tokens and governance into the protocol, with Plutus available for custom logic, all delivered through a methodical, peer-reviewed development process.

Adoption & usage

A network secured by stake.

A qualitative look at Cardano's scale and how it is secured, the staking, decentralization and reliability behind it, not the price.

View on cardanoscan.io
Network design
ConsensusOuroborosPeer-reviewed PoS
Block leadersBy stakePer-slot election
AccountingEUTXOExtended UTXO
Max supply45BADA hard cap
Network development · by eraVoltaire

Delivered in eras. Cardano has shipped through named development eras, Byron, Shelley, Goguen, Basho and Voltaire, covering foundation, decentralization, smart contracts, scaling and governance.

Self-custody stakingNon-custodial

ADA delegated to a stake pool stays in your wallet and is never locked, so you keep custody while earning staking rewards.

Security · Proof of Stake
Stake poolsThousandsIndependent operators
Security fromStakeNo mining hardware
Block rewardsStakingPools and delegators
ApproachPeer-reviewedAcademic research
Reliability
Continuous block production since mainnet launched in 2017
Cardano has produced blocks across thousands of independent stake pools for years. Honest stake distributed across many operators keeps any single party from rewriting settled history.
Methodical by designCardano's development is deliberately staged and peer-reviewed, with major features released through named eras rather than rushed. The approach favors formal verification and academic review, which can make delivery slower but aims to reduce protocol-level risk.
Ecosystem

What Cardano is used for.

The network covers staking, DeFi, identity and a growing set of real-world deployments. Here is where it is actually used, and how it reaches into the wider crypto economy.

cardano.org

Staking

Delegating ADA to stake pools is the network's most common activity, helping secure the chain and earning rewards while ADA stays in self-custody.

DeFi

Plutus smart contracts power decentralized exchanges, lending and liquidity on Cardano, built on the extended UTXO model rather than an account model.

Identity

Cardano has been used for decentralized identity work, giving people verifiable credentials they control, with pilots tied to education and public services.

Real-world projects

Cardano has been deployed in real-world settings including education and agriculture projects across several countries, alongside its on-chain governance and treasury.

Where activity sits on the network
1SStaking & delegationNetwork securityLargest
2DDeFi on PlutusDEX & lendingGrowing
3NNative tokensLedger-issued assetsActive
4GGovernance & treasuryVoltaire eraOn-chain
5IIdentity & real-worldPilots & deploymentsEmerging

A research-first chain

Unlike chains that ship fast and iterate, Cardano develops through academic peer review and formal methods. Learn the basics in our crypto basics guides.

Ecosystem at a glance
ConsensusPoSOuroboros
Max supply45BADA hard cap
In the Zypto App

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Available in the Zypto App · native asset & tokens

CardanoADA$0.45+1.2%
Cardano native tokensLedger-issued
Cardano stakingSelf-custody

Cardano's native asset is ADA. Native tokens issued on the ledger are held in self-custody, your keys, your coins.

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Accepted as Payment

Once Cardano ships, you would be able to pay bills, top-ups and 24,000+ products with ADA through Zypto Pay. Request it above to help bring it forward.

Swap & convert

CChangeNow LLetsExchange SSwapKit ZIn-app DEX
Native Layer 1 asset ADA is the native asset of Cardano, a standalone Layer 1. When Cardano ships in the Zypto App, swaps would route across these providers and the in-app DEX. Request it above to help prioritize it.

Swap support arrives when a chain is integrated. Request Cardano so it moves up the queue, and follow the live ADA price meanwhile.

History & FAQ

A research-led chain, plainly told.

Key milestones
2017
Mainnet launch (Byron)
Cardano launches its mainnet, founded by Charles Hoskinson with development led by IOHK, the Cardano Foundation and Emurgo.
2020
Shelley era
The network decentralizes, moving block production to community stake pools and letting ADA holders delegate stake and earn rewards.
2021
Goguen, smart contracts
The Goguen era adds Plutus smart contracts and the extended UTXO model, opening Cardano to DeFi and other applications.
2022
Basho scaling
The Basho era focuses on scaling and optimization work, improving throughput and laying groundwork for higher capacity.
2024
Voltaire governance
The Voltaire era introduces on-chain governance and a treasury, so ADA holders can vote on funding and protocol decisions.
Key facts
Launched2017
Native assetADA
ConsensusOuroboros (PoS)
AccountingExtended UTXO
Max supply45,000,000,000 ADA
Smart contractsPlutus (Haskell)
FounderCharles Hoskinson
ErasByron → Voltaire
Proof of StakeSmart contractsLayer 1StakingPeer-reviewed
What is Cardano in one sentence?
Cardano is a public, peer-reviewed Layer 1 proof-of-stake blockchain whose native asset is ADA, secured by the Ouroboros protocol, with smart contracts via Plutus and a maximum supply of 45 billion ADA.
What is the difference between Cardano and ADA?
Cardano is the blockchain, the shared network and software. ADA, named after Ada Lovelace, is the native asset that lives on it, used to pay fees, delegate stake to pools and earn staking rewards.
How does Cardano reach agreement without mining?
It uses Ouroboros, a peer-reviewed proof-of-stake protocol. Time is split into epochs and slots, and a stake pool is elected to produce each block with a chance proportional to delegated stake. There is no Proof of Work and no mining hardware, so the energy cost is low.
Can I stake ADA without locking it?
Yes. On Cardano you delegate stake to a pool, and your ADA stays in your own wallet the whole time. It is never locked and you keep custody, so you can move or spend it whenever you want while still earning rewards.
Is Cardano available in the Zypto App?
Not yet. Cardano is not currently integrated in the Zypto App. You can request it above, the chains with the most demand get prioritized, and following the live ADA price page is the best way to keep up while it is on the roadmap.
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Self-custodial · non-custodial · your keys, your coins.
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